Schematic of the Traveling Microburst (Fujita 1981) |
The culprit was a microburst, a localized downburst that produces strong straight line winds at the ground as depicted above. The one we had last night was an example of a dry microburst as most of the precipitation that generated it evaporated before reaching the ground. Some meteorologists differentiate between microbursts and macrobursts depending on the size of the area affected. Indeed, this event may have had macroburst scale, but we will stick with microburst for this discussion.
Dry microbursts are typically generated in Utah by high based storms. Precipitation falling from these storms falls into the dry low-level airmass and evaporates, with the resulting cooling generating an area of locally cool, dense air that sinks very rapidly towards the ground. Environmental conditions were ripe for microburst generation last night with an extremely deep, dry boundary layer extending from the surface to near 500 mb.
Meteorologists use a variable known as Downward Convective Available Potential Energy (DCAPE) to assess the potential strength of downdrafts and downbursts. Last night, the DCAPE was 1684 joules/kg, which is a very high value indicating the potential for downburst-related strong winds. What was needed was some precipitation to get things going.
The curious thing about last nights storm is that it barely showed up on the lowest elevation radar scan that we normally use to examine precipitation (especially in the winter). It was best picked up by the so-called "third tilt", which is at 1.3ยบ relative to the local horizon. Even still, the storm was pretty unimpressive with relatively weak radar reflectivities.
But, the key here was the evaporation of that light precipitation into the dry airmass. And, it led to very strong winds. Here are some storm reports issued by the NWS, which include a 75 mph wind gust. I saw one house on the news with a very large tree on it. The residents of that home were very fortunate that it was well constructed!
Finally, we have a video, courtesy George Wilkerson and Steve Krueger, of the microburst rampaging through the Salt Lake Valley. Keep an eye on the lower left hand corner. And it will eventually appear.
As always thanks for the great info, video's, radar and Skew-T charts Jim.
ReplyDeleteI follow this site throughout the winter, live in Ogden Valley, but follow the weather closely as I fly glider (sail planes) and look for any tool and advantage I can get.
You have quite a few soaring folks that follow this site.
Thanks again
Ron Gleason